Abstract: Cooperation mechanism on capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology (CBTMT) under the BBNJ Agreement, is pivotal for enabling inclusive, equitable, and effective cooperation and participation in the activities undertaken, thereby assisting Parties-in particular developing State Parties-in implementing the Agreement. Article 41 established cooperation norms on CBTMT through three pillars: mandatory cooperation obligations, cross-sector partnerships, and differentiated cooperation process. These provisions aim to safeguard developing countries’ interests while advancing the global governance framework for the sustainable use and conservation of marine biodiversity. However, compromises during the negotiations of the BBNJ Agreement introduce challenges in implementation, primarily due to the reluctance of developed countries and other stakeholders to engage fully into cooperative efforts, coupled with the power inequality among the Parties. This paper proposes a legal analysis framework to address these challenges and enhancing the efficacy of CBTMT cooperation under the BBNJ Agreement. Read More

Abstract: This paper discusses how to promote regional peace and development by strengthening space security cooperation under the background of increasing economic competition in East Asia. First, the paper analyzes the development status of the major economies in East Asia and its impact on the progress of space technology, pointing out that economic competition brings both challenges and opportunities. Next, the study reveals the threats to space security in the region and the existing cooperation mechanisms, and discusses the possible cooperation models and opportunities. Subsequently, a series of concrete paths for building space security cooperation were put forward, including policy suggestions, technical exchanges and the improvement of the legal framework. Finally, the paper summarizes the research results, looks forward to the future space security cooperation in East Asia, and puts forward the direction of further research. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the long-term stability and prosperity of East Asia. Read More

Abstract: With advancements in psychology and neuroscience, researchers have increasingly focused on the relationship between mental workload and risk perception. Mental workload can influence an individual's decision-making process when confronted with risk, and eye-tracking technology serves as an effective measurement tool that provides critical insights into individuals' attention allocation and mental workload. This paper aims to review relevant studies and explore how eye-tracking technology can be utilized to measure mental workload and its impact on risk perception. Read More

Abstract: Sports events are closely related to gender inequality. In recent years, influenced by the feminist movement, gender equality in sports has become a new research hotspot. This paper studies the phenomenon of gender equality and difference in sports through literature research, and summarizes and reflects on the phenomenon of gender inequality in the starting point, process and result of women in the field of sports. This paper holds that only by defining gender in sports from the perspective of women's own values can they truly gain the freedom and liberation of sports participation. Read More

Abstract: Under the background of the new era, the problem of codification of criminal law in China is becoming increasingly prominent. The legislative concept and legislative mode of the codification of criminal law are also further put forward higher requirements. Under the guidance of Xi Jinpings thought on the rule of law, a series of issues such as whether the codification should be carried out and how still need to be deeply studied. Therefore, from the significance of criminal law codification, realistic basis, influence on society and legislative concept of research. Read More

Abstract: In recent years, network governance has been a frontier topic in public management research in Western countries. As a new governance model, network governance is an attempt by the government to cooperate with private organizations, non-governmental organizations and citizens in the face of an increasingly complex environment, in order to better provide public services to the public. In particular, with the interdependence, contingency and uncertainty of social, political and economic changes, the governance process is no longer limited to the formal structure of the government. The formulation and implementation of public policies need to be completed through a large number of formal and informal institutions, mechanisms and processes. Therefore, this paper intends to study the difficulties and performance of grassroots government management in my country, as well as the root causes of the difficulties, from the perspective of multi-center governance theory; and in connection with the actual situation, it proposes improvement methods and suggestions from the aspects of positioning the functions of grassroots governments, creating consensus and trust in grassroots government network governance, and cultivating and integrating the network structure of grassroots governance, so as to enhance the practical significance of this model of network governance for my country. Read More

Abstract: The Natural Law School, the Positivist Law School, and the Sociological Law School hold different views on artificial intelligence (AI) legislation. The main divergence among these three schools lies in their understanding of soft law and hard law approaches. This paper takes the value of law as the entry point and analyzes relevant legal norms through legal interpretation theory to explore the implications of the three schools' views on AI legislation for current legislation. Read More

Abstract: Driven by global climate governance and sustainable development goals, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is shifting from passive compliance to proactive innovation, becoming the core engine of green economy transformation. Based on CSR perspective, this study explores the synergy path between technological innovation policy and green economy transformation. By analyzing the mechanism of incentive and constraint policies and international practical experience, this paper reveals the efficiency boundary of policy tools in driving enterprise technological innovation, and puts forward the transformation path of "technology-institution-governance" linkage. The results show that CSR internalizes social responsibility into technological innovation power by reshaping enterprise cost-benefit structure; policy design needs to balance hardness and softness, and stimulate enterprise endogenous transformation willingness through incentive and constraint combination tools; the success of green economy transformation depends on the deep coordination among government, enterprise and society in standard setting, resource sharing and benefit coordination. Read More

Abstract: As a long-term problem of campus governance at home and abroad, the high incidence of campus bullying and the potential risk of physical and mental harm need to be studied from a new perspective. The study found that excessive self-concealment will significantly increase the degree of bullying, and further weaken the social support network of the bullied. To adjust self-concealment psychology as a new strategy to prevent and control campus bullying, it is necessary to break the vicious circle between self-concealment and bullying, improve the self-cognition of college students, and actively cope with the phenomenon of campus bullying. Read More

Abstract: With the rapid development of social media, college students' ideological concepts and behaviors are significantly influenced. Effectively integrating social media into ideological and political education can not only align with young people's lifestyles but also enhance educational effectiveness. This paper analyzes the current application and challenges of social media in ideological and political education from the perspective of its dissemination characteristics and proposes optimization strategies. The aim is to promote innovation in the methods and content of higher education's ideological and political education, enhancing the timeliness and relevance of education. Read More

Abstract: In the information age, the phenomenon of cyber crime is increasingly rampant, among which the problem of infringing on citizens' personal information is particularly serious. As for the scope of citizens' personal information, the academic community discusses it from the perspective of identification and sensitivity. Its scope should be considered by integrating multiple factors, and in practice, the definition standard should be improved from both theoretical and judicial aspects. Law properties, academic circles have personal interests and personal interests, focus including legal priority, define the concrete abstraction and judicial fit with legislation, in fact, and measure this crime, to balance individual and social public factors, in order to accurately define its scope, ensure the rationality of the law applicable and impartiality, effectively combat crime and protect citizens' rights and interests and social order. In the situation of judicial application, relevant charges are constantly improved, and the number of cases has increased, but there are problems such as vague definition of information, unclear identification of "serious circumstances" and differences in understanding of legal interests. The protection path of criminal law should clarify the standards of crime identification, strengthen criminal punishment and cooperative protection, so as to fight crimes and protect citizens' information security. Read More

Abstract: In the context of the "New Four Modernizations," intelligent manufacturing, as a key area driving the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, has made practical teaching reform crucial for enhancing the quality of talent cultivation. Based on an in-depth analysis of the current status of practical teaching in intelligent manufacturing, and considering the profound impact of the "New Four Modernizations," a systematic design of practical teaching reform paths has been developed. Under the background of electrification, practical teaching should emphasize content related to new energy technologies and green manufacturing; under the shared economy backdrop, there should be a focus on resource sharing and the cultivation of collaborative innovation capabilities; under the intelligentization backdrop, course content should include smart equipment, intelligent systems, and data analysis; under the networked backdrop, practical teaching should concentrate on improving network communication, information security, and system integration capabilities. By constructing the evaluation index system of practical teaching reform and using questionnaire survey, interview and data analysis to evaluate, the research found that the practical teaching after the reform has achieved significant improvement in curriculum system, training base construction, faculty quality and students' practical ability. In addition, the research also put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the problems faced in the reform process, such as increasing the intensity of curriculum system update, increasing investment in practical training base construction, strengthening teacher training and broadening the channels for cultivating students' practical ability, so as to provide practical guidance and theoretical support for the reform of intelligent manufacturing practice teaching. Read More

Abstract: As the fundamental viewpoint of materialist dialectics, the dialectical perspective on contradictions maintains significant practical relevance and scientific value in analyzing and guiding contemporary affairs. In 2024, OpenAI unveiled Sora, a text-to-video model whose formidable capabilities in artistic creation have garnered extensive scholarly attention. The advent of Sora heralds a new epoch in artificial intelligence (AI), fostering an interactive human-machine relationship replete with contradictions and challenges. While recognizing the inherent contradictions within Sora's human-machine dynamics, we must simultaneously discern emerging developmental opportunities. Drawing upon Friedrich Engels' dialectical view of contradictions, this study employs multi-perspective analysis to examine the paradoxical nature of Sora-class AI systems and explore optimal coexistence patterns between artificial and human intelligence. Read More

Abstract: With the progress of science and technology, the deepening degree of globalization, space policy also appear new situation -- global public domain, the new situation shows that the new attitude in the field of space, our country under this new situation bright Ming own point of view, with a positive attitude to respond to the new policy, clear China always adhere to and develop the "human destiny community" this concept to promote our space policy. Read More

Abstract: This paper explores the evolving role of regulatory frameworks and central banks in safeguarding financial institutions and overall economic stability, particularly in the aftermath of the 2008 subprime loan crisis. It examines how regulatory measures such as Basel III have reshaped financial institutions' approaches to capital adequacy, liquidity management, and risk sensitivity. Additionally, it delves into the conflicts between regulatory bodies and shareholders, highlighting the challenges of balancing stability with profitability. Through a detailed analysis of the impacts of interest rate adjustments on financial institutions, the paper further assesses the effectiveness of central banks' monetary policies in promoting economic growth while preventing systemic risks. Finally, the paper offers insights into managing liquidity risks and the implications of the "Too Big to Fail" doctrine on financial stability. Read More

Abstract: Although master's programs in social work claim to prioritize the cultivation of practice-oriented professionals, in reality, they have long been trapped in a dilemma of "emphasizing theory while neglecting practice." As a result, graduates often find themselves ill-equipped to address complex social issues. The practice instructor system has been heralded as a potential panacea for bridging this gap. However, its implementation has repeatedly faltered due to a lack of qualified mentors, institutional deficiencies, and structural limitations. Adopting a critical perspective, this paper questions the effectiveness of the current model of social work education at the master’s level and directly confronts the multiple constraints facing the practice instructor system. Despite the numerous challenges, the paper argues that the practice instructor system is not an unattainable ideal. With targeted institutional design and well-calibrated incentive mechanisms, it holds significant potential to become a catalyst for substantive reform in social work education. Read More

Abstract: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) has emerged as a powerful analytical tool in social sciences research, offering a robust approach to examining complex relationships among observed and latent variables. Unlike traditional regression models, SEM enables researchers to simultaneously analyze multiple dependent and independent variables, account for measurement errors, and evaluate theoretical models comprehensively. This paper provides an overview of SEM applications in social sciences, emphasizing its advantages, key methodological steps, and limitations. Read More

Abstract: The article discusses comparing Mongolian coin table stitches to traditional stitches in Japan and Korea as well as finding similarities and differences between those stitching techniques and tools. The study includes the origin of the Korean and Japanese traditional stitches, stitching techniques, and ornaments. Also, we studied how lifestyles appear in the stitches. To assist comparison and analysis, we collected relevant historical facts, books, literature, and videos. We found a few similarities in traditional stitching techniques in Mongolia, Japan, and Korea. Although these are knotting stitches, tying, and using hands to twist thread to do even stitching techniques, also uses round stitching tables – although stitching in different countries has its unique qualities. The article covers traditional stitching techniques and tools to make braids and their specific details in some Asian countries. Read More

Abstract: Historic districts are the carriers of urban memory, which not only carry rich historical and cultural information, but also are an important manifestation of national identity and cultural diversity. In recent years, the spatial research of China's historic districts has gradually become a hotspot of academic attention. In order to explore the hotspots and trends of the spatial research of China's historic districts, this paper takes the literature included in the China Knowledge Network from 2004 to 2024 as the data base, searches with the keywords of "historic districts" and "space", and conducts visualization and analysis by using the CiteSpace software was used for visualization and analysis. It is found that: ①The annual publication volume of the research on the space of historic districts in the past two decades shows the characteristics of rising and fluctuating, and the research institutions are mainly concentrated in colleges and universities. ②In terms of research stages, it has mainly experienced three stages: the starting stage, the emergence of new research trends and directions, and the people-oriented stage. ③There is a lack of comparative analysis of research objects and fewer quantitative research methods. Based on this, this paper puts forward the research outlook, with a view to providing certain reference and reference for the spatial research of historical neighborhoods through the research results of this paper. Read More

Abstract: Silence phenomenon in public English classes at higher vocational colleges in China poses a significant challenge to teaching quality and student development. This study investigates the multidimensional causes of classroom silence, focusing on student-related factors (weak foundational skills, utilitarian learning mindsets, and psychological barriers), teacher-related issues (outdated pedagogical methods and negative attitudes), and cultural-environmental influences (traditional values conflicting with modern educational needs and the marginalized status of English courses). This paper proposes targeted countermeasures which include fostering students’ metacognitive abilities through reflective practices, adopting student-centered teaching strategies (e.g., interactive activities and digital tools), enhancing institutional support via incentive mechanisms and teacher training, and promoting a culturally inclusive classroom environment. By addressing these factors holistically, the study aims to mitigate classroom silence, improve learner engagement, and advance pedagogical reforms in higher vocational English education. Read More

Abstract: The corporate social responsibility (CSR) of fashion companies in terms of inclusion and its effect on consumer behavior is investigated in this article. According to the study background, especially in terms of inclusiveness, modern consumers want brands to stand on social problems. Examining how companies may establish good relationships with the public by using real and consistent marketing messaging forms part of the study materials. Mostly on literature review and case analysis-especially the comparison between Aerie and Victoria's Secret-the study approach is Through the #AerieReal campaign, Aerie has effectively enhanced its brand image and sales; Victoria's Secret has suffered a crisis of confidence because of its lack of real diversity. The study's conclusion underlines how firms must keep authenticity and openness in social campaigning if they are to win consumers' trust and loyalty. Read More

Abstract: With the wave of the third Industrial Revolution, artificial intelligence has posed a certain challenge to the existing legal system. Such challenges are mainly reflected in the conflict of law values in the process of operation and the fragmentation of artificial intelligence legislation. Based on the existing literature, this thesis compares the legislation and judicial practice of artificial intelligence in China and France, and puts forward the soft law path and hard law path to solve the above problems. Read More

Abstract: As cyberspace increasingly becomes a "second space" in daily life, the impact of online public opinion on criminal judicial processes has grown significantly. However, online public opinion is often susceptible to manipulation or sensationalism by irresponsible media, ultimately jeopardizing judicial fairness and independence. Under the current framework of advancing the rule of law in China, it is imperative to address how to mitigate the negative effects of online public opinion on criminal justice while harnessing its positive role in promoting fairness. This paper takes the Jiang Ge case and Yao Jiaxin case as focal points, comparing criminal judicial practices in China and Japan from a comparative legal perspective to analyze conflicts between online public opinion and judicial rulings in China. Read More

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Globally, more than half of the population still lacks access to basic health care, and economic status is one of the key factors influencing this. Morbidity and mortality rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the low survival and high disability rates of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are closely related to inequitable allocation of healthcare resources. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the broad impact of socio-economic factors on the health of the population, especially the health disparities caused by regional inequalities in the allocation of healthcare resources in Shaoxing, and to explore the challenges to health equity in China. METHODS: Based on China's 2020 census data, Zhejiang Province statistical data, Shaoxing City Statistical Yearbook, Shaoxing City prehospital emergency care quality control indicators, and public information of the Health and Wellness Committee. RESULTS: Yuecheng District is economically more developed, with 9 general hospitals, 12,723 health technicians, 4,844 medical practitioners, 87.95 beds/per 10,000 people, 61.58 doctors/per 10,000 people, and a pre-hospital emergency response time of 7´30´´ to 7´58´´ in the urban area. Xinchang County has a low economic income and a large gap between urban and rural per capita income, with 4,337 health technicians, 1,492 practicing physicians, and a prehospital emergency response time of 12´43´´ to 22´9´´. CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS: Economic factors are the core drivers of inequality in regional medical resource allocation, with higher-income regions having more concentrated and better-configured medical resources. Economic levers are used to regulate regional healthcare resource allocation, reduce health disparities, and promote equitable and sustainable health development. Read More

Abstract: With the rapid development of e-commerce, consumers are facing many risks and challenges while enjoying convenient transactions. This paper first reviews the related concepts of e-commerce and market freedom, and analyzes the mutual influence and conflict between them in practical application. Secondly, it discusses how to balance consumer protection and market freedom through legal means in specific issues such as telecommunications tariffs and certification of violations. Finally, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as improving the system construction, improving the social environment and strengthening the data protection, in order to promote the perfection of the legal system and the stability of the market order in the era of e-commerce. Read More

Abstract: Along with China's economic and social development and progress, corruption and bribery crimes as well as terrorist activities and other crimes of the transfer of stolen money also showed a pluralistic trend, criminals usually carry money and flee from the country, the defendant or criminals in the case of suicide, or other reasons cause death to escape legal investigation phenomenon generally increased. The establishment of the illegal income confiscation procedure is of great significance for combating corruption and bribery crimes, terrorist activities crimes, crimes against national security crimes and other crimes, should further clarify the identification of illegal income, standardize the trial procedure of the case, and fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the interested parties right to know and the right to appeal. Read More

Abstract: Music education in colleges and universities is an important link in the cultivation of musical talents in China, and Jiangxi folk song chorus, as an important part of China's traditional music culture, has a unique status and value in music education in colleges and universities. In this paper, starting from the analysis of the characteristics of Jiangxi folk song choral repertoire, the current situation of Jiangxi folk song choral repertoire in music education in colleges and universities has been investigated, and corresponding education and teaching strategies have been put forward to address the existing problems. The results of the study show that the implementation of teaching strategies such as optimising the curriculum, innovating teaching methods, and strengthening practical links can effectively enhance students' interest in and identification with Jiangxi folk song chorus and improve the teaching effect. This study provides a useful reference for the teaching of Jiangxi folk song choral repertoire in music education in colleges and universities, and has certain significance for promoting the reform and development of music education in colleges and universities in China. Read More

Abstract: The climate governance models involved in international investment law are mainly divided into three types: the hard law approach, the soft law approach, and the approach that combines both hard and soft law. Each of these approaches offers solutions to different climate governance issues in international investment.This paper argues that the crux of the climate governance challenges in international investment lies in the conflict between the economic value of efficiency and the international public principle of efficiency. According to international practice, the reasons for the differences in climate governance models in international investment include the pluralism of legal interpretation, the fragmentation of treaties and other international documents, and the differences in the construction of legitimacy and legality.This paper believes that state actors can address the conflict between the legitimacy and legality of climate protection clauses in international investment by establishing a dual path of “hard law and soft law” through international cooperation. Read More